Taxonomy for Biology Articles-9th Class: Difference between revisions
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|'''अध्याय''' | |'''अध्याय''' | ||
|'''विषय''' | |'''विषय''' | ||
|'''Article Creator Name''' | |||
|'''Chapters''' | |'''Chapters''' | ||
|'''Topic''' | |'''Topic''' | ||
| Line 8: | Line 9: | ||
|'''1''' | |'''1''' | ||
|'''जीवन की मौलिक इकाई''' | |'''जीवन की मौलिक इकाई''' | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|'''The fundamental unit of life''' | |'''The fundamental unit of life''' | ||
| Line 15: | Line 17: | ||
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|[[अंतर्द्रव्यी जालिका (ER)]] | |[[अंतर्द्रव्यी जालिका (ER)]] | ||
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| | | | ||
|Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) | |Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) | ||
| Line 21: | Line 24: | ||
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|[[लवक]] | |[[लवक]] | ||
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|Plastid | |Plastid | ||
| Line 27: | Line 31: | ||
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|[[अवर्णी लवक]] | |[[अवर्णी लवक]] | ||
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|Leucoplast | |Leucoplast | ||
| Line 33: | Line 38: | ||
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|[[केंद्रक]] | |[[केंद्रक]] | ||
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| | | | ||
|Nucleus | |Nucleus | ||
| Line 39: | Line 45: | ||
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|[[कोशिकांग]] | |[[कोशिकांग]] | ||
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| | | | ||
|Cell organelle | |Cell organelle | ||
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|[[कोशिकाद्रव्य]] | |[[कोशिकाद्रव्य]] | ||
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|Cytoplasm | |Cytoplasm | ||
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|[[न्यूक्लियॉइड]] | |[[न्यूक्लियॉइड]] | ||
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| | | | ||
|Nucleoid | |Nucleoid | ||
| Line 57: | Line 66: | ||
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|[[कोशिका भित्ति]] | |[[कोशिका भित्ति]] | ||
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|Cell wall | |Cell wall | ||
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|[[क्लोरोफिल]] | |[[क्लोरोफिल]] | ||
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|Chlorophyll | |Chlorophyll | ||
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|[[खुरदारी अंतर्द्रव्यी जालिका]] | |[[खुरदारी अंतर्द्रव्यी जालिका]] | ||
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| | | | ||
|Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER) | |Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER) | ||
| Line 75: | Line 87: | ||
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|[[गॉल्जी बॉडी]] | |[[गॉल्जी बॉडी]] | ||
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|Golgi body | |Golgi body | ||
| Line 81: | Line 94: | ||
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|[[चिकनी अंतर्द्रव्यी जालिका]] | |[[चिकनी अंतर्द्रव्यी जालिका]] | ||
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| | | | ||
|Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) | |Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) | ||
| Line 87: | Line 101: | ||
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|[[झिल्ली]] | |[[झिल्ली]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Membrane | |Membrane | ||
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|[[थैली (पुटिका)]] | |[[थैली (पुटिका)]] | ||
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|Bag | |Bag | ||
| Line 99: | Line 115: | ||
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|[[प्लाज्मा झिल्ली]] | |[[प्लाज्मा झिल्ली]] | ||
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| | | | ||
|Plasma membrane | |Plasma membrane | ||
| Line 105: | Line 122: | ||
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|[[प्रोकैरियोटिक]] | |[[प्रोकैरियोटिक]] | ||
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|Prokaryotic | |Prokaryotic | ||
| Line 111: | Line 129: | ||
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|[[क्लोरोफिल]] | |[[क्लोरोफिल]] | ||
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| | | | ||
|Chlorophyll | |Chlorophyll | ||
| Line 117: | Line 136: | ||
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|[[क्रिप्टोगेम]] | |[[क्रिप्टोगेम]] | ||
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|Cryptogams | |Cryptogams | ||
| Line 123: | Line 143: | ||
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|[[युकैरियोटिक]] | |[[युकैरियोटिक]] | ||
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|Eukaryotic | |Eukaryotic | ||
| Line 129: | Line 150: | ||
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|[[रसधानी]] | |[[रसधानी]] | ||
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|Vacuole | |Vacuole | ||
| Line 135: | Line 157: | ||
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|[[प्लास्टिड]] | |[[प्लास्टिड]] | ||
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|Plastid | |Plastid | ||
| Line 141: | Line 164: | ||
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|[[वर्णी लवक]] | |[[वर्णी लवक]] | ||
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|Chromoplast | |Chromoplast | ||
| Line 147: | Line 171: | ||
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|[[बड़ी रसधानी]] | |[[बड़ी रसधानी]] | ||
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|Large Vacuole | |Large Vacuole | ||
| Line 153: | Line 178: | ||
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|[[कोशिका द्रव्य]] | |[[कोशिका द्रव्य]] | ||
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|Cytoplasm | |Cytoplasm | ||
| Line 159: | Line 185: | ||
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|[[गुणसूत्र]] | |[[गुणसूत्र]] | ||
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|Chromosomes | |Chromosomes | ||
| Line 165: | Line 192: | ||
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|[[हरितलवक]] | |[[हरितलवक]] | ||
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|Chloroplast | |Chloroplast | ||
| Line 170: | Line 198: | ||
|'''2''' | |'''2''' | ||
|'''ऊतक''' | |'''ऊतक''' | ||
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|'''Tissue''' | |'''Tissue''' | ||
| Line 177: | Line 206: | ||
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|[[विभज्योतक ऊतक]] | |[[विभज्योतक ऊतक]] | ||
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|meristem tissue | |meristem tissue | ||
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|[[कैम्बियम]] | |[[कैम्बियम]] | ||
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|Cambium | |Cambium | ||
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|[[आरेखित पेशी]] | |[[आरेखित पेशी]] | ||
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|Unstriated muscle | |Unstriated muscle | ||
| Line 195: | Line 227: | ||
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|[[स्थायी ऊतक]] | |[[स्थायी ऊतक]] | ||
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|permanent tissue | |permanent tissue | ||
| Line 201: | Line 234: | ||
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|[[सरल स्थायी ऊतक]] | |[[सरल स्थायी ऊतक]] | ||
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|Simple permanent tissue | |Simple permanent tissue | ||
| Line 207: | Line 241: | ||
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|[[एरेन्काइमा]] | |[[एरेन्काइमा]] | ||
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|Aeranchyma | |Aeranchyma | ||
| Line 213: | Line 248: | ||
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|[[क्लोरेन्काइमा ऊतक]] | |[[क्लोरेन्काइमा ऊतक]] | ||
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|Chlorenchyma Tissue | |Chlorenchyma Tissue | ||
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|[[स्क्लेरेनकाइमा]] | |[[स्क्लेरेनकाइमा]] | ||
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|sclerenchyma | |sclerenchyma | ||
| Line 225: | Line 262: | ||
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|[[पैरेन्काइमा ऊतक]] | |[[पैरेन्काइमा ऊतक]] | ||
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| | | | ||
|parenchyma tissue | |parenchyma tissue | ||
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|[[एपिडर्मिस]] | |[[एपिडर्मिस]] | ||
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|Epidermis | |Epidermis | ||
| Line 237: | Line 276: | ||
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|[[स्नायविक विकार]] | |[[स्नायविक विकार]] | ||
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|Nervous disorder | |Nervous disorder | ||
| Line 243: | Line 283: | ||
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|[[स्नायु]] | |[[स्नायु]] | ||
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| | | | ||
|Ligament | |Ligament | ||
| Line 249: | Line 290: | ||
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|[[द्वार कोशिकाएं]] | |[[द्वार कोशिकाएं]] | ||
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|Gate cells | |Gate cells | ||
| Line 255: | Line 297: | ||
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|[[जाइलम ऊतक]] | |[[जाइलम ऊतक]] | ||
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|Xylem | |Xylem | ||
| Line 261: | Line 304: | ||
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|[[उपास्थि]] | |[[उपास्थि]] | ||
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| | | | ||
|Cartilage | |Cartilage | ||
| Line 267: | Line 311: | ||
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|[[फ़्लोएम ऊतक]] | |[[फ़्लोएम ऊतक]] | ||
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|Phloem Tissue | |Phloem Tissue | ||
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|[[कोलेन्काइमा]] | |[[कोलेन्काइमा]] | ||
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|Collenchyma | |Collenchyma | ||
| Line 279: | Line 325: | ||
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|[[जंतु ऊतक]] | |[[जंतु ऊतक]] | ||
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|Animal Tissue | |Animal Tissue | ||
| Line 285: | Line 332: | ||
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|[[घनाकार एपिथीलियम]] | |[[घनाकार एपिथीलियम]] | ||
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| | | | ||
|Cuboidal Epithelium | |Cuboidal Epithelium | ||
| Line 291: | Line 339: | ||
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|[[एपिथीलियम ऊतक]] | |[[एपिथीलियम ऊतक]] | ||
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|Epithelial tissue | |Epithelial tissue | ||
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|[[कंकाल पेशियाँ]] | |[[कंकाल पेशियाँ]] | ||
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|Skeletal muscles | |Skeletal muscles | ||
| Line 303: | Line 353: | ||
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|[[कण्डरा]] | |[[कण्डरा]] | ||
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| | | | ||
|Tendon | |Tendon | ||
| Line 309: | Line 360: | ||
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|[[शल्की एपिथीलियम]] | |[[शल्की एपिथीलियम]] | ||
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|Squamous epithelium | |Squamous epithelium | ||
| Line 315: | Line 367: | ||
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|[[संयोजी ऊतक]] | |[[संयोजी ऊतक]] | ||
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|connective tissues | |connective tissues | ||
| Line 321: | Line 374: | ||
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|[[पेशीय ऊतक]] | |[[पेशीय ऊतक]] | ||
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| | | | ||
|muscle tissue | |muscle tissue | ||
| Line 327: | Line 381: | ||
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|[[न्यूरॉन]] | |[[न्यूरॉन]] | ||
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|Neuron | |Neuron | ||
| Line 333: | Line 388: | ||
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|[[एक्सॉन]] | |[[एक्सॉन]] | ||
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|Axon | |Axon | ||
| Line 339: | Line 395: | ||
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|[[क्यूटिन]] | |[[क्यूटिन]] | ||
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|Cutin | |Cutin | ||
| Line 345: | Line 402: | ||
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|[[डेन्ड्राइट]] | |[[डेन्ड्राइट]] | ||
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|dendrites | |dendrites | ||
| Line 351: | Line 409: | ||
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|[[कार्डिक पेशी]] | |[[कार्डिक पेशी]] | ||
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|Cardiac Muscle | |Cardiac Muscle | ||
| Line 356: | Line 415: | ||
|'''3''' | |'''3''' | ||
|'''जीवों में विविधता''' | |'''जीवों में विविधता''' | ||
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|'''Diversity in Living organisms''' | |'''Diversity in Living organisms''' | ||
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|[[वर्गीकरण]] | |[[वर्गीकरण]] | ||
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|Classification | |Classification | ||
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|[[जैव विकास]] | |[[जैव विकास]] | ||
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|Biological evolution | |Biological evolution | ||
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|[[जगत]] | |[[जगत]] | ||
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|Kingdom | |Kingdom | ||
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|[[मोनेरा]] | |[[मोनेरा]] | ||
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|Monera | |Monera | ||
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|[[कवक]] | |[[कवक]] | ||
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|Fungi | |Fungi | ||
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|[[प्रोटिस्टा]] | |[[प्रोटिस्टा]] | ||
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|Protista | |Protista | ||
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|[[प्लांटी]] | |[[प्लांटी]] | ||
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|Plantee | |Plantee | ||
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|[[एनिमेलिया]] | |[[एनिमेलिया]] | ||
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|Animalia | |Animalia | ||
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|[[थैलोफाइटा]] | |[[थैलोफाइटा]] | ||
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|Thallophyta | |Thallophyta | ||
| Line 417: | Line 486: | ||
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|[[गण]] | |[[गण]] | ||
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|Order | |Order | ||
| Line 423: | Line 493: | ||
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|[[ब्रायोफाइटा]] | |[[ब्रायोफाइटा]] | ||
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|Bryophyta | |Bryophyta | ||
| Line 429: | Line 500: | ||
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|[[टेरिडोफाइटा]] | |[[टेरिडोफाइटा]] | ||
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|Pteridophyta | |Pteridophyta | ||
| Line 435: | Line 507: | ||
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|[[जिम्नोस्पर्म]] | |[[जिम्नोस्पर्म]] | ||
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|Gymnosperm | |Gymnosperm | ||
| Line 441: | Line 514: | ||
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|[[एंजियोस्पर्म]] | |[[एंजियोस्पर्म]] | ||
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|Angiosperms | |Angiosperms | ||
| Line 447: | Line 521: | ||
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|[[एनिमेलिया]] | |[[एनिमेलिया]] | ||
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|Animaliya | |Animaliya | ||
| Line 453: | Line 528: | ||
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|[[पोरीफेरा]] | |[[पोरीफेरा]] | ||
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|Porifera | |Porifera | ||
| Line 459: | Line 535: | ||
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|[[सीलेन्ट्रेटा]] | |[[सीलेन्ट्रेटा]] | ||
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|celantrata | |celantrata | ||
| Line 465: | Line 542: | ||
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|[[प्लेटीहेल्मिन्थेस]] | |[[प्लेटीहेल्मिन्थेस]] | ||
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|Platyhelminthes | |Platyhelminthes | ||
| Line 471: | Line 549: | ||
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|[[निमेटोडा]] | |[[निमेटोडा]] | ||
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|Nematoda | |Nematoda | ||
| Line 477: | Line 556: | ||
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|[[एनेलिडा]] | |[[एनेलिडा]] | ||
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|Annelida | |Annelida | ||
| Line 483: | Line 563: | ||
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|[[आर्थ्रोपोड़ा]] | |[[आर्थ्रोपोड़ा]] | ||
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|Arthropoda | |Arthropoda | ||
| Line 489: | Line 570: | ||
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|[[मोलस्का]] | |[[मोलस्का]] | ||
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|Mollusca | |Mollusca | ||
| Line 495: | Line 577: | ||
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|[[इकाइनोडर्मेटा]] | |[[इकाइनोडर्मेटा]] | ||
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|Echinodermata | |Echinodermata | ||
| Line 501: | Line 584: | ||
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|[[प्रोटोकॉर्डेटा]] | |[[प्रोटोकॉर्डेटा]] | ||
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|Protochordata | |Protochordata | ||
| Line 507: | Line 591: | ||
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|[[कशेरुकी]] | |[[कशेरुकी]] | ||
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|Vertebrates | |Vertebrates | ||
| Line 513: | Line 598: | ||
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|[[कुल]] | |[[कुल]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Family | |Family | ||
| Line 519: | Line 605: | ||
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|[[साइक्लोस्टोमेटा]] | |[[साइक्लोस्टोमेटा]] | ||
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| | | | ||
|Cyclostometa | |Cyclostometa | ||
| Line 525: | Line 612: | ||
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|[[एककोशिकीय]] | |[[एककोशिकीय]] | ||
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| | | | ||
|Unicellular | |Unicellular | ||
| Line 531: | Line 619: | ||
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|[[चपटे कृमि]] | |[[चपटे कृमि]] | ||
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|Flatworm | |Flatworm | ||
| Line 537: | Line 626: | ||
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|[[उभयचर]] | |[[उभयचर]] | ||
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|Amphibian | |Amphibian | ||
| Line 543: | Line 633: | ||
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|[[सरीसृप]] | |[[सरीसृप]] | ||
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| | | | ||
|Reptiles | |Reptiles | ||
| Line 549: | Line 640: | ||
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|[[असमतापी]] | |[[असमतापी]] | ||
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| | | | ||
|Cold-blooded | |Cold-blooded | ||
| Line 555: | Line 647: | ||
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|[[नाम पद्धति]] | |[[नाम पद्धति]] | ||
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| | | | ||
|Nomenclature | |Nomenclature | ||
| Line 560: | Line 653: | ||
|'''4''' | |'''4''' | ||
|'''प्राकृतिक संपदा''' | |'''प्राकृतिक संपदा''' | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|'''Natural Resources''' | |'''Natural Resources''' | ||
| Line 567: | Line 661: | ||
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|[[ओज़ोन परत]] | |[[ओज़ोन परत]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Ozone layer | |Ozone layer | ||
| Line 573: | Line 668: | ||
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|[[ऑक्सीजन-चक्र]] | |[[ऑक्सीजन-चक्र]] | ||
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| | | | ||
|Oxygen-cycle | |Oxygen-cycle | ||
| Line 579: | Line 675: | ||
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|[[ग्रीनहाउस प्रभाव]] | |[[ग्रीनहाउस प्रभाव]] | ||
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| | | | ||
|Green House Effect | |Green House Effect | ||
| Line 585: | Line 682: | ||
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|[[कार्बन चक्र]] | |[[कार्बन चक्र]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Carbon cycle | |Carbon cycle | ||
| Line 591: | Line 689: | ||
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|[[नाइट्रोजन चक्र]] | |[[नाइट्रोजन चक्र]] | ||
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| | | | ||
|Nitrogen Effect | |Nitrogen Effect | ||
| Line 597: | Line 696: | ||
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|[[जल चक्र]] | |[[जल चक्र]] | ||
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|Water Cycle | |Water Cycle | ||
| Line 603: | Line 703: | ||
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|[[वायु प्रदूषण]] | |[[वायु प्रदूषण]] | ||
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|Air pollution | |||