Taxonomy for Chemistry Articles-12th Class: Difference between revisions
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|'''अध्याय-सूची''' | |'''अध्याय-सूची''' | ||
|'''विषय-सूची''' | |'''विषय-सूची''' | ||
|'''Article Creator Name''' | |||
|'''Chapters''' | |'''Chapters''' | ||
|'''Topic''' | |'''Topic''' | ||
| Line 8: | Line 9: | ||
|'''1''' | |'''1''' | ||
|'''ठोस अवस्था''' | |'''ठोस अवस्था''' | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|'''Solid State''' | |'''Solid State''' | ||
| Line 15: | Line 17: | ||
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|[[अक्रिस्टलीय ठोस]] | |[[अक्रिस्टलीय ठोस]] | ||
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|Amorphous Solid | |Amorphous Solid | ||
| Line 21: | Line 24: | ||
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|[[क्रिस्टलीय ठोस]] | |[[क्रिस्टलीय ठोस]] | ||
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|Crystalline solid | |Crystalline solid | ||
| Line 27: | Line 31: | ||
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|[[विषमदैशिक]] | |[[विषमदैशिक]] | ||
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|Anisotropic | |Anisotropic | ||
| Line 33: | Line 38: | ||
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|[[ध्रुवीय आणविक ठोस]] | |[[ध्रुवीय आणविक ठोस]] | ||
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| | | | ||
|Polar Molecular Solids | |Polar Molecular Solids | ||
| Line 39: | Line 45: | ||
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|[[अध्रुवीय आण्विक ठोस]] | |[[अध्रुवीय आण्विक ठोस]] | ||
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| | | | ||
|Nonpolar Molecular Solids | |Nonpolar Molecular Solids | ||
| Line 45: | Line 52: | ||
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|[[विस्थापन दोष]] | |[[विस्थापन दोष]] | ||
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|Dislocation defect | |Dislocation defect | ||
| Line 51: | Line 59: | ||
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|[[इलेक्ट्रॉन छिद्र]] | |[[इलेक्ट्रॉन छिद्र]] | ||
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|Electron hole | |Electron hole | ||
| Line 57: | Line 66: | ||
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|[[इलेक्ट्रॉन रिक्त]] | |[[इलेक्ट्रॉन रिक्त]] | ||
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|Electron Vacancy | |Electron Vacancy | ||
| Line 63: | Line 73: | ||
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|[[इलेक्ट्रॉन दोष]] | |[[इलेक्ट्रॉन दोष]] | ||
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|Electron Defect | |Electron Defect | ||
| Line 69: | Line 80: | ||
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|[[अंतर आणविक बल]] | |[[अंतर आणविक बल]] | ||
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|Intermolecular Forces | |Intermolecular Forces | ||
| Line 75: | Line 87: | ||
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|[[आंतरिक अर्धचालक]] | |[[आंतरिक अर्धचालक]] | ||
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|Intrinsic Semiconductors | |Intrinsic Semiconductors | ||
| Line 81: | Line 94: | ||
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|[[आयनिक ठोस]] | |[[आयनिक ठोस]] | ||
| | |||
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|Ionic Solids | |Ionic Solids | ||
| Line 87: | Line 101: | ||
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|[[धात्विक ठोस]] | |[[धात्विक ठोस]] | ||
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|Metallic Solids | |Metallic Solids | ||
| Line 93: | Line 108: | ||
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|[[छद्म ठोस]] | |[[छद्म ठोस]] | ||
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| | | | ||
|Pseudo Solids | |Pseudo Solids | ||
| Line 99: | Line 115: | ||
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|[[ठोस अवस्था]] | |[[ठोस अवस्था]] | ||
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|Solid State | |Solid State | ||
| Line 105: | Line 122: | ||
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|[[आध एवं एकक कोष्ठिका]] | |[[आध एवं एकक कोष्ठिका]] | ||
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|Unit Cells | |Unit Cells | ||
| Line 111: | Line 129: | ||
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|[[अन्तः केंद्रित घनीय एकक कोष्ठिका]] | |[[अन्तः केंद्रित घनीय एकक कोष्ठिका]] | ||
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|End-centred unit | |End-centred unit | ||
| Line 117: | Line 136: | ||
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|[[फलक केंद्रित घनीय एकक कोष्ठिका]] | |[[फलक केंद्रित घनीय एकक कोष्ठिका]] | ||
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|Face-centred unit | |Face-centred unit | ||
| Line 123: | Line 143: | ||
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|[[निविड़ संकुलित संरचनाएं]] | |[[निविड़ संकुलित संरचनाएं]] | ||
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|Body-Centred unit | |Body-Centred unit | ||
| Line 129: | Line 150: | ||
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|[[बोहर मैग्नेटन]] | |[[बोहर मैग्नेटन]] | ||
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|Bohr Magneton | |Bohr Magneton | ||
| Line 135: | Line 157: | ||
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|[[रिक्तिका दोष]] | |[[रिक्तिका दोष]] | ||
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|Vacancy Defect | |Vacancy Defect | ||
| Line 141: | Line 164: | ||
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|[[संकुलन क्षमता]] | |[[संकुलन क्षमता]] | ||
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|Packing Efficiency | |Packing Efficiency | ||
| Line 147: | Line 171: | ||
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|[[रेखीय दोष]] | |[[रेखीय दोष]] | ||
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|Line Defects | |Line Defects | ||
| Line 153: | Line 178: | ||
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|[[बिंदु दोष]] | |[[बिंदु दोष]] | ||
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|Point Defects | |Point Defects | ||
| Line 159: | Line 185: | ||
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|[[स्टॉइकियोमीट्री दोष]] | |[[स्टॉइकियोमीट्री दोष]] | ||
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|Stoichiometric Defects | |Stoichiometric Defects | ||
| Line 165: | Line 192: | ||
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|[[क्रिस्टल दोष]] | |[[क्रिस्टल दोष]] | ||
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|Crystal Defects | |Crystal Defects | ||
| Line 171: | Line 199: | ||
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|[[अंतराकाशी दोष]] | |[[अंतराकाशी दोष]] | ||
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|Interstitial Defect | |Interstitial Defect | ||
| Line 177: | Line 206: | ||
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|[[फ्रेंकल दोष]] | |[[फ्रेंकल दोष]] | ||
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|Frenkel Defect | |Frenkel Defect | ||
| Line 183: | Line 213: | ||
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|[[इलेक्ट्रॉनिक दोष]] | |[[इलेक्ट्रॉनिक दोष]] | ||
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|Electronic Defect | |Electronic Defect | ||
| Line 189: | Line 220: | ||
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|[[शॉटकी दोष]] | |[[शॉटकी दोष]] | ||
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|Schottky Solids | |Schottky Solids | ||
| Line 195: | Line 227: | ||
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|[[अशुद्धता दोष]] | |[[अशुद्धता दोष]] | ||
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|Impurity Defect | |Impurity Defect | ||
| Line 201: | Line 234: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[नॉन स्टॉइकियोमीट्री दोष]] | |[[नॉन स्टॉइकियोमीट्री दोष]] | ||
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|Non Stoichiometric Defects | |Non Stoichiometric Defects | ||
| Line 207: | Line 241: | ||
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|[[धातु आधिक्य दोष]] | |[[धातु आधिक्य दोष]] | ||
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|Metal excess Defects | |Metal excess Defects | ||
| Line 213: | Line 248: | ||
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|[[धातु न्यूनता दोष]] | |[[धातु न्यूनता दोष]] | ||
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| | | | ||
|metal deficiency defect | |metal deficiency defect | ||
| Line 219: | Line 255: | ||
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|[[चालक]] | |[[चालक]] | ||
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| | | | ||
|Conductors | |Conductors | ||
| Line 225: | Line 262: | ||
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|[[विद्युतरोधी]] | |[[विद्युतरोधी]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|insulated | |insulated | ||
| Line 231: | Line 269: | ||
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|[[अर्धचालक]] | |[[अर्धचालक]] | ||
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|Semiconductor | |Semiconductor | ||
| Line 237: | Line 276: | ||
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|[[अष्टफलकीय ठोस]] | |[[अष्टफलकीय ठोस]] | ||
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| | | | ||
|Octahedral solids | |Octahedral solids | ||
| Line 243: | Line 283: | ||
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|[[चतुष्फलकीय रिक्तिकाएँ]] | |[[चतुष्फलकीय रिक्तिकाएँ]] | ||
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|Tetrahedral Voids | |Tetrahedral Voids | ||
| Line 249: | Line 290: | ||
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|[[अनुचुंबकत्व]] | |[[अनुचुंबकत्व]] | ||
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| | | | ||
|Paramagnetism | |Paramagnetism | ||
| Line 255: | Line 297: | ||
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|[[लोहचुंबकत्व]] | |[[लोहचुंबकत्व]] | ||
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|Ferromagnetism | |Ferromagnetism | ||
| Line 261: | Line 304: | ||
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|[[प्रतिलोहचुंबकत्व]] | |[[प्रतिलोहचुंबकत्व]] | ||
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|Antiferromagnetism | |Antiferromagnetism | ||
| Line 267: | Line 311: | ||
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|[[समन्वय संख्या]] | |[[समन्वय संख्या]] | ||
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|Coordination Number | |Coordination Number | ||
| Line 273: | Line 318: | ||
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|[[अवोगाद्रो स्थिरांक]] | |[[अवोगाद्रो स्थिरांक]] | ||
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| | | | ||
|Avogadro Constant | |Avogadro Constant | ||
| Line 279: | Line 325: | ||
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|[[जालक बिंदु]] | |[[जालक बिंदु]] | ||
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|Bravais Lattices | |Bravais Lattices | ||
| Line 285: | Line 332: | ||
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|[[बृहत अणु]] | |[[बृहत अणु]] | ||
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|Giant Molecules | |Giant Molecules | ||
| Line 291: | Line 339: | ||
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|[[अतिशीतित द्रव]] | |[[अतिशीतित द्रव]] | ||
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|Supercooled Liquids | |Supercooled Liquids | ||
| Line 297: | Line 346: | ||
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|[[हाइड्रोजन बंधित आणविक]] | |[[हाइड्रोजन बंधित आणविक]] | ||
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| | | | ||
|Hydrogen Bonded molecular | |Hydrogen Bonded molecular | ||
| Line 302: | Line 352: | ||
|'''2''' | |'''2''' | ||
|'''विलयन''' | |'''विलयन''' | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|'''Solution''' | |'''Solution''' | ||
| Line 309: | Line 360: | ||
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|[[विलयन की सांद्रता]] | |[[विलयन की सांद्रता]] | ||
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|Concentration of Solutions | |Concentration of Solutions | ||
| Line 315: | Line 367: | ||
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|[[द्रव्यमान प्रतिशत(w/w)]] | |[[द्रव्यमान प्रतिशत(w/w)]] | ||
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|Percentage mass per mass | |Percentage mass per mass | ||
| Line 321: | Line 374: | ||
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|[[आयतन प्रतिशत(v/v)]] | |[[आयतन प्रतिशत(v/v)]] | ||
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|Percentage by volume | |Percentage by volume | ||
| Line 327: | Line 381: | ||
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|[[द्रव्यमान आयतन प्रतिशत(w/v)]] | |[[द्रव्यमान आयतन प्रतिशत(w/v)]] | ||
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|Percentage mass per volume | |Percentage mass per volume | ||
| Line 333: | Line 388: | ||
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|[[पार्ट्स प्रति मिलियन]] | |[[पार्ट्स प्रति मिलियन]] | ||
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|Parts per million | |Parts per million | ||
| Line 339: | Line 395: | ||
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|[[विलेयता]] | |[[विलेयता]] | ||
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|Solubility | |Solubility | ||
| Line 345: | Line 402: | ||
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|[[संतृप्त विलयन]] | |[[संतृप्त विलयन]] | ||
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|Saturated Solution | |Saturated Solution | ||
| Line 351: | Line 409: | ||
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|[[असंतृप्त विलयन]] | |[[असंतृप्त विलयन]] | ||
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| | | | ||
|Unsaturated Solution | |Unsaturated Solution | ||
| Line 357: | Line 416: | ||
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|[[ले-शातैलिए नियम]] | |[[ले-शातैलिए नियम]] | ||
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|Le Chatelier's principle | |Le Chatelier's principle | ||
| Line 363: | Line 423: | ||
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|[[हेनरी नियम]] | |[[हेनरी नियम]] | ||
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|Henry's Law | |Henry's Law | ||
| Line 369: | Line 430: | ||
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|[[राउल्ट नियम]] | |[[राउल्ट नियम]] | ||
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|Raoult's Law | |Raoult's Law | ||
| Line 375: | Line 437: | ||
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|[[डाल्टन के आंशिक दाब नियम]] | |[[डाल्टन के आंशिक दाब नियम]] | ||
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|Dalton's Law | |Dalton's Law | ||
| Line 381: | Line 444: | ||
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|[[आदर्श विलयन]] | |[[आदर्श विलयन]] | ||
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|Ideal Solution | |Ideal Solution | ||
| Line 387: | Line 451: | ||
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|[[अनादर्श विलयन]] | |[[अनादर्श विलयन]] | ||
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|Non-ideal Solution | |Non-ideal Solution | ||
| Line 393: | Line 458: | ||
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|[[अणुसंख्य गुणधर्म]] | |[[अणुसंख्य गुणधर्म]] | ||
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| | | | ||
|Colligative Properties | |Colligative Properties | ||
| Line 399: | Line 465: | ||
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|[[वाष्पदाब का आपेक्षिक अवनमन]] | |[[वाष्पदाब का आपेक्षिक अवनमन]] | ||
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| | | | ||
|Relative Lowering vapour pressure | |Relative Lowering vapour pressure | ||
| Line 405: | Line 472: | ||
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|[[क्वथनांक उन्नयन स्थिरांक]] | |[[क्वथनांक उन्नयन स्थिरांक]] | ||
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| | | | ||
|Molal elevation constant | |Molal elevation constant | ||
| Line 411: | Line 479: | ||
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|[[हिमांक का अवनमन]] | |[[हिमांक का अवनमन]] | ||
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|Depression in freezing point | |Depression in freezing point | ||
| Line 417: | Line 486: | ||
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|[[इबुलियोस्कोपिक स्थिरांक]] | |[[इबुलियोस्कोपिक स्थिरांक]] | ||
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| | | | ||
|Ebullioscopic Constant | |Ebullioscopic Constant | ||
| Line 423: | Line 493: | ||
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|[[क्रायोस्कोपिक स्थिरांक]] | |[[क्रायोस्कोपिक स्थिरांक]] | ||
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| | | | ||
|Cryoscopic Constant | |Cryoscopic Constant | ||
| Line 429: | Line 500: | ||
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|[[अर्धपारगम्य झिल्ली]] | |[[अर्धपारगम्य झिल्ली]] | ||
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| | | | ||
|Semipermeable membrane | |Semipermeable membrane | ||
| Line 435: | Line 507: | ||
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|[[परासरण दाब]] | |[[परासरण दाब]] | ||
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| | | | ||
|Osmotic Pressure | |Osmotic Pressure | ||
| Line 441: | Line 514: | ||
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|[[प्रतिलोम परासरण]] | |[[प्रतिलोम परासरण]] | ||
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| | | | ||
|Reverse Osmosis | |Reverse Osmosis | ||
| Line 447: | Line 521: | ||
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|[[समपरासरी विलयन]] | |[[समपरासरी विलयन]] | ||
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|Isotonic Solution | |Isotonic Solution | ||
| Line 453: | Line 528: | ||
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|[[वाष्पदाब]] | |[[वाष्पदाब]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Vapour Pressure | |Vapour Pressure | ||
| Line 458: | Line 534: | ||
|'''3''' | |'''3''' | ||
|'''वैधुतरसायन''' | |'''वैधुतरसायन''' | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|'''Electrochemistry''' | |'''Electrochemistry''' | ||
| Line 465: | Line 542: | ||
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|[[विधुत अपघट्य]] | |[[विधुत अपघट्य]] | ||
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|Electrolytes | |Electrolytes | ||
| Line 471: | Line 549: | ||
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|[[वैधुतरसायनिक सेल]] | |[[वैधुतरसायनिक सेल]] | ||
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| | | | ||
|Electrochemical cell | |Electrochemical cell | ||
| Line 477: | Line 556: | ||
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|[[गैल्वैनी सेल]] | |[[गैल्वैनी सेल]] | ||
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| | | | ||
|Galvanic Cell | |Galvanic Cell | ||
| Line 483: | Line 563: | ||
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|[[वोल्टीय सेल]] | |[[वोल्टीय सेल]] | ||
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| | | | ||
|Voltaic Cell | |Voltaic Cell | ||
| Line 489: | Line 570: | ||
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|[[डेनियल सेल]] | |[[डेनियल सेल]] | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|Daniell Cell | |Daniell Cell | ||
| Line 495: | Line 577: | ||
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|[[वैधुत अपघटनी सेल]] | |[[वैधुत अपघटनी सेल]] | ||
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| | | | ||
|Electrolytic Cell | |Electrolytic Cell | ||
| Line 501: | Line 584: | ||
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|[[इलेक्ट्रोड विभव]] | |[[इलेक्ट्रोड विभव]] | ||
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| | | | ||
|Electrode Potential | |Electrode Potential | ||
| Line 507: | Line 591: | ||
| | | | ||
|[[मानक इलेक्ट्रोड विभव]] | |[[मानक इलेक्ट्रोड विभव]] | ||
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| | | | ||
|Standard Electrode Potential | |Standard Electrode Potential | ||
| Line 513: | Line 598: | ||
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|[[सेल विभव]] | |[[सेल विभव]] | ||
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| | | | ||
|Cell Potential | |Cell Potential | ||
| Line 519: | Line 605: | ||
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|[[सेल विद्युत वाहक बल (emf)]] | |[[सेल विद्युत वाहक बल (emf)]] | ||
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| | | | ||
|Electromotive Force | |Electromotive Force | ||
| Line 525: | Line 612: | ||
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|[[नेर्न्स्ट समीकरण]] | |[[नेर्न्स्ट समीकरण]] | ||
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| | | | ||
|Nernst Equation | |Nernst Equation | ||
| Line 531: | Line 619: | ||
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|[[प्रतिरोधकता]] | |[[प्रतिरोधकता]] | ||
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|Resistivity | |Resistivity | ||
| Line 537: | Line 626: | ||
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|[[मोलर चालकता]] | |[[मोलर चालकता]] | ||
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|Molar Conductivity | |Molar Conductivity | ||
| Line 543: | Line 633: | ||
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|[[आयनिक चालकता]] | |[[आयनिक चालकता]] | ||
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|Ionic Conductance | |Ionic Conductance | ||
| Line 549: | Line 640: | ||
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|[[विद्युत चालकता]] | |[[विद्युत चालकता]] | ||
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|Electrical Conductance | |Electrical Conductance | ||
| Line 555: | Line 647: | ||
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|[[चालकता (विशिष्ट चालकता)]] | |[[चालकता (विशिष्ट चालकता)]] | ||
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|Conductivity | |Conductivity | ||
| Line 561: | Line 654: | ||
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|[[व्हीटस्टोन ब्रिज]] | |[[व्हीटस्टोन ब्रिज]] | ||
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|Wheatstone bridge | |Wheatstone bridge | ||
| Line 567: | Line 661: | ||
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|[[विभव प्रवणता]] | |[[विभव प्रवणता]] | ||
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|Potential gradient | |Potential gradient | ||
| Line 573: | Line 668: | ||
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|[[कोलरॉउश]] | |[[कोलरॉउश]] | ||
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|Kohlrausch Law | |Kohlrausch Law | ||
| Line 579: | Line 675: | ||
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|[[फैराडे के नियम]] | |[[फैराडे के नियम]] | ||
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|Faraday's Law | |Faraday's Law | ||
| Line 585: | Line 682: | ||
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|[[बैटरियां]] | |[[बैटरियां]] | ||
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|Batteries | |Batteries | ||
| Line 591: | Line 689: | ||
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